How Multiple Marketing Channels Impact PPC Performance

At the Rimm-Kaufman Group, we’ve spent a good bit of time over the last year studying the impact of multi-channel marketing on PPC advertising. By studying all traffic to our client’s sites we can determine how often multi-channel interactions happen, how the different channels behave, how they’re involved in multi-touch interactions and tendencies to be first rather than last. Armed with this data, we can then see how different allocation schemes impact perceptions of each marketing program.

Previously, we tried to put the “PPC Buying Cycle“—touches on multiple PPC ads—into its proper perspective. Turns out it’s a pretty small effect. Unfortunately, many agencies continue to hype the effect as they seem solely interested in having their clients spend more rather than spend wisely. Is the same true with the “Cross-Channel Buying Cycle?” Yes and no.

As we look at the data across a number of multi-channel retailers we’ve found that marked differences in the way consumers use each channel mean that cross-channel interactions have profound impact on some channels and not much on others.

Likelihood of multiple touches

Channels that have the greatest likelihood of multiple touches have the most potential to be impacted by changing allocation from last touch to something more advanced. Our data suggests that the channels most likely to involve multiple touches are affiliates, comparison shopping engines and email.

Consumers who buy after clicking a competitive (non brand) paid search ad are the least likely to have been to the site previously through a different channel. In our research, only 10 to 20% of buyers who touched a PPC ad last came through any other channel previously. Compare this to affiliate traffic, where 60 – 75% of buyers came through another channel first.

This means shifting from last touch to shared credit to first touch allocation only impacts 10 to 20% of PPC orders, while the same shift has a much larger impact on the perceived value of affiliates, comparison shopping engines and email.

Initiators versus followers

If channels were all equally likely to be first as last in multichannel interactions we might find that the net effect of changing allocation schemes is zero. That turns out not to be the case. Some channels are far more likely than others to be the first touch when more than one channel is used.

Competitive PPC is much more likely to be the first touch when there are multiple touches involved. This means that moving credit from last touch towards earlier touches does tend to “help” PPC. Natural search benefits from this same phenomena.

In contrast affiliates are almost always the last touch in multi-touch interactions, meaning shifts away from last touch credit have a decidedly negative impact on the perceived value of affiliate programs. Comparison shopping engines and email tend to suffer as well.

The net effect

What we’ve found is that these two factors together mean that yes, in fact, the perception of PPC benefits from crediting earlier touches in the cycle. However, because fewer PPC orders are in play than other channels—that first effect—the change is smaller than many folks seem to think. Indeed, in our research moving credit from 100% to the last touch to 100% to the first touch, competitive PPC only picks up 5 to 10%. Less dramatic allocation shifts take those numbers down even further.

Shop.org is organizing a group to define standards for credit allocation. I’m going to throw my name in the hat to join said group, but I fear that some of the folks in the group may be more interested in trumpeting the effect than measuring it. We shall see.

In the meantime, I’ll post more of our findings over on RKGBlog.